Carleton gpa requirements University of Saskatchewan: Please refer to this course equivalences chart to see which Carleton courses are accepted. 5 credits) Only students pursuing undergraduate programs (except B. Transfer students who are eligible for the program will be sent an invitation to apply following their acceptance to Carleton. Carleton places a strong emphasis on academic achievement, considering the significance of Carleton University SAT scores, ACT scores, GPA, personal statements, and extracurricular activities. The Ministry provides two-thirds of the value of the award and the university one Admission requirements vary by program and certain programs have additional GPA and prerequisite requirements for admission to upper year. See full list on carleton. For the evidence-based reading and writing section, 50% of students admitted to Carleton scored between 670 and 750, while 25% scored below 670 and 25% scored above 750. Listed below are guidelines for the minimum admission requirements from each country. Read the admission requirements for your program, then follow the step-by-step application instructions to apply. MA Program. Overall CGPA >> includes all courses counting towards your degree requirements. Prospective students can view the admission requirements through the Admissions website at admissions. ) that count toward the History major (courses with optional “S” grades do not count toward the major) Program Requirements – Graduate Diploma in HSTP; International Graduate Students; Current Students. For Engineering-specific resources, please visit the ACE for Engineering webpage. The Term Grade Point Average (GPA) is the ration of the grade points earned on a course or set of courses to the total credit value attempted in an individual term. See Minimum CGPA Requirements (Academic Regulation 3. Term GPA >> includes all courses attempted in one term of study. 6. This application is available on Carleton Central under the “Student Online Applications” menu. MSW Portfolio (Work Hours Summary Document) Prepare a document containing all social work-related hours of experience. 0 - this is on a 4. Average Accepted GPA: 3. 9 high school GPA. 7 in order to stand a good chance to get admission into Carleton University. SAT/ACT For the class of 2025, 52% of matriculating students submitted SAT scores and had a middle 50% range of 1330-1520. S. In particular, an F grade is included in the calculation until it is removed through course repetition or replacement. Jan 23, 2025 · Successful completion of all course and credit requirements requires grades of S or C- or better in each course. Applicants holding a general (three-year) degree with an overall GPA of at least B+ may be admitted to a qualifying-year program. Application Portal: Carleton360 Portal Application Fee: 110 CAD (6,744 INR) Admission Requirements: Bachelor's degree; GPA or aggregate: 3. 85 GPA on a 4. 0/12 on Carleton’s scale. The admission average we use is calculated from the marks submitted by your high school in support of your application. Argument and Inquiry Seminars (A&I) – 6 credits Some graduate programs require a reading knowledge of one or more languages other than English. Minimum published CGPA’s in each of your program elements; University residency requirements; Maximum of 7. 7. 5 C C 2. 00 points for a 1. I. Most *Applicants who hold a 3-year bachelors degree from institutions that have received a CGPA average of 3. 0 D D 1. Jan 3, 2024 · Successful completion of all course and credit requirements requires grades of S or C- or better in each course. 0 credit), and your final grades STEP 2: Record the grade points earned for each course and add them up. Meeting these GPA requirements alone is not enough for you to gain admission as Carleton College is a very selective school. However, the application process remains the same for international applicants. 3; for higher ranking = 3. 9. For more information about CGPA requirements for Good Standing status for degree students, please consult the undergraduate calendar. -Carleton University. 5. This school did not officially report its average GPA, but we've estimated it here using data from over 1,000 schools. What are your chances of getting into Carleton College? Learn the admissions requirements, including test scores and GPA, and calculate your chances. 0 credits in each term). Undergraduate Summer Research Opportunities 2025; Degree Planning Guides; Information for HLTH 4910 thesis students; SAT Grades & GPA Requirements for Health Sciences CAPSTONE COURSES; Graduate. 0 may be admitted to the Minor in Computer Science, except for the following: Jul 23, 2024 · Admission to Carleton. Please contact the Academic Advising Centre if you have questions regarding this process. Notes: Jan 15, 2025 · Carleton University Admission Requirements. 75 for the MEd and MA Special Education degrees. You are required to have exceptionally good grades and you should be graduating near the top of your class. Please refer to the Canada Graduate Scholarship – Doctoral program (CGSD) and Canada Graduate Scholarship – Master’s program (CGSM) websites for full application procedures and requirements Scholarships for college/university transfer students: If you are an excellent student from a college program or transferring from another university to an undergraduate degree program at Carleton University, you will be considered for one of our general in-course scholarships after you complete one full academic year of study as a full-time Nov 15, 2024 · Admission requirements vary by program and certain programs have additional GPA and prerequisite requirements for admission to upper year. GPA Requirements. Students have access to unparalleled opportunities to enhance their education and propel their future careers. 5 B B 3. 4 in the country I got my degree in (iGPA calculator on WES says that's 2. Candidates will be considered for scholarships and the Deans’ Honour List based on the grade point average (GPA) of all Carleton credits/courses taken in the 12-month period May to April. As an estimate, students should aim for at least a 3. The student is responsible for meeting graduation requirements and is strongly encouraged to discuss their program requirements with the Undergraduate Adviser for their program. Holding the minimum admission requirements only establishes eligibility for consideration. Contact the participating academic unit or the collaborative program directly for minimum requirements. 0 scale. Work Experience and Credit for Practicum I (SOWK 3600, SOWK 3601, SOWK 3602) Upon admission to the BSW program, students who have four or more years of human service work experience (a minimum of 4500 hours of human services work experience within the past five years, of which a maximum of 500 hours may include unpaid or volunteer work. Master’s Minimum Admission Requirements. Upload under the “Experience & Interests” tab of Carleton 360 application; OR to your application in Carleton Central once payment is processed and you receive your Carleton ID # and instructions for accessing Carleton Central. A minimum of 5 years of professional experience as defined in the notes below. Oct 6, 2021 · Average Academic Profile of Accepted Carleton Students GPA Carleton does not publish the average GPA of accepted students, but you should aim to get all A’s in the most challenging classes available. GPA Requirements: Carleton University’s graduate programs demand a minimum GPA of 2. Carleton supports all of the students and alumni who decide to apply, regardless of GPA and MCAT score, and our acceptance rate for the past 5 year period is 82%. 0 scale, which is equivalent to approximately 10. Carleton’s Off-Campus Studies office facilitates exploration of the world. A few low grades will not keep you out, but a pattern can make it difficult. To get into Carleton University, applicants must meet the common academic requirements to get into university in Ontario. The GPA requirements for getting into Carleton College are to have around a 3. 6. Calculate your GPA STEP 1: List all of the courses you’ve attempted, the corresponding credit values (0. All students entering the MA or MA/JD program must have a four year undergraduate degree or the equivalent. DRP Grades However, course transferability will vary depending on grade point average (GPA), level of course, and relativity of previous course work to the degree program to which you have applied. About Collaborative Programs International students can view the minimum requirement equivalencies from their country by visiting the international students section of our website. To be a TA, you must be a good student who is well-organized, punctual and responsible. 0. Eligibility. Com. Please be advised that meeting the minimum Carleton University GPA requirements Carleton University in Canada requires students to maintain a minimum GPA of 2. 2. MBA Admission Requirements. If you have been admitted to Carleton with an admission average of 80 percent or better and meet language requirements, you will automatically be considered for a renewable entrance scholarship. Aug 30, 2024 · Successful completion of all course and credit requirements requires grades of S or C- or better in each course. Precludes additional credit for JOUR 4000 (no longer offered). 0 (85%) The Standard Minimum CGPA Requirements for Minors, Concentrations, and Specializations are presented in Table 2. The overall average required for admission is determined each year on a program-by-program basis. 0 A- A 4. Carleton College’s average GPA is 3. See also the General Admission and Procedures section of this Calendar Subject to degree, grade and program requirements, any course offered for credit by one university shall be accepted for credit by another Ontario university when there is an essential equivalency in course content. As we are an interdisciplinary program, we will accept students from a wide variety of backgrounds such as political science, international relations, global affairs, law, public policy, sociology, anthropology and economics. Table 1: Minimum CGPA Requirements for Good Standing Status Average GPA: 4. 50 and a minimum GPA of 2. Nov 1, 2024 · A minimum of 24 Carleton credits must be taken on spring semester programs. Admission to Carleton is based on several considerations. Your application to Carleton is completely online. CASPer required; Click here and here for more information. edu STEP 2: Record the grade points earned for each course (use Carleton’s grade point scale, pictured above) and add them up. Carleton met the full financial need of all students in the Class of 2028; 56% of the class are receiving more than $16. Mar 2, 2025 · Carleton College has an acceptance rate of 22%, average SAT - 1490, average ACT - 33, net price to attend - $29,434, receiving aid - 79%, average aid amount - $51,916, enrollment - 2,069, male/female ratio - 49:51, founded in 1866. Your first year at Carleton you end up completing requirements organically just by taking courses that look interesting. Please contact Carleton's Admissions Services for information about transferring specific courses. Many schools specify a minimum GPA requirement, but this is often just the bare minimum to submit an application without immediately getting rejected. The minimum requirement for consideration for the MA program is a GPA of 9. 0 F F 0. Please note, some programs have earlier application deadlines. Dec 13, 2022 · If you are planning to graduate at the end of the Winter 2022 term based on your current registration, it is important that you run an audit on Carleton Central once all of your final grades are available to review how a notation of SAT may impact the completion of your program requirements. See an art exhibit, visit Oscar the penguin, or attend a lecture on creating comic books. In fact, Carleton’s liberal arts curriculum encourages academic exploration like this, and taking courses purely out of interest is the expectation and norm. 5 for Albertans, and 3. The average unweighted GPA of admitted students is around 3. ; Highlight the graded courses for History and any other courses (Classics, Economics, etc. 0 credits to graduate and who have completed at least 4. 0 credits toward their degrees with a minimum overall GPA of 7. Sep 9, 2002 · Credit by Examination: Students can obtain credit for courses offered at Carleton, when appropriate material has been mastered independently of Carleton class enrollment, by taking special examinations. You will also need to ensure that you have reviewed and meet the minimum requirements of the program(s) to which you are applying. You will also have to meet the minimum English as a Second Language requirements. It mentions that the minimum requirement for my degree's country is an overall GPA of "very good", which is around 75/100. During the school year, a petition for credit by examination must be submitted to the Registrar at least two weeks before the date of the Jul 21, 2021 · My experience shows how easy it is to fulfill these requirements. With GMAT waivers available for those who qualify, we’ve streamlined our admission process so you can get started quickly. The average GPA at Carleton College is 4. and International applicants may apply to the international pool. Unlike the undergraduate courses, the deadlines and requirements vary for Carleton University master's courses. For this, we look at the school's average GPA for its current students. The GPA requirement that really matters is the GPA you need for a real chance of getting in. Interested students can apply for early decision, and the Carleton early decision deadline is November 15. Jan 1, 2025 · Minimum Required GPA: 2. Of those applicants who meet the minimum requirements, the department accepts only the most qualified. The course outline must specify: Program Details Our location in Ottawa puts you at the centre of the political action in Canada. Graduate Student Handbooks As a result, a higher level of performance may be required for Good Standing at your next Academic Performance Evaluation. So my overall GPA is "good". If you decide to submit test scores, Carleton requires the full results of the SAT or the ACT. S = A through C- CR = D+, D, or D-NC = F; For more information regarding Carleton’s grading system see the Campus Handbook: Grading System policy. Carleton College does require GPA. 5 A A 4. The instructor is required to provide a formal statement to students called the Course Outline. carleton. Admission requirements are based on the Ontario High School System. 2. Use of innovative extended reality — augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) — medical simulation and […] Students who have completed a minimum of one year of full-time study and who present a minimum 3. B+ are 9. Apr 12, 2019 · No, but be aware that the average GPA of Carleton graduates over the last 5 years who have been accepted is 3. Non-Carleton off-campus study program credits earned while a student is not actively enrolled at the College, such as those earned during the breaks (summer and winter) between Carleton’s three standard academic terms, are considered post-matriculation credits. 00 may be admitted to the Minor in Arts Management. Discover Grad Studies at Carleton. Mar 12, 2025 · Please note that one term at Carleton is recognized by medical schools as equivalent to a semester course. Finally, students must spend six academic terms in residence at Carleton, including their senior year (last three academic terms), and earn at least 108 credits enrolled at Carleton. e. 7 million in need-based Carleton grants; The average need-based grant is $59,529; The average need-based financial aid award is $68,279, including grants, scholarships, work study, and loans Oct 8, 2024 · Visit the Library’s Digital Archive to see more catalogs from all of Carleton’s history. 5 credit or 1. You need not have had previous TA experience before, but it helps. Nova Scotia While studying in Nova Scotia, students engage in a cultural bliss that is rich in intellectual heritage and creativity. Each individual section is then divided into major course requirements. The cut-off averages for admission may be considerably higher than the minimum. For more information about ACE decisions, please visit the Registrar’s Office ACE webpage. Undergraduate. For information on how we arrive at the GPA, go to “how to apply“. Oct 18, 2024 · Carleton University, one of the world’s greatest universities, provides master’s degrees in a wide range of disciplines, including finance and social work. 3. Science grades do matter, and are calculated separately. Or spend a couple hours studying — or napping — in your favorite spot. - My GPA out of 100 is 72. Minor in Arts Management (4. This allows you to see what major courses you need to take in upcoming years, as well as the requirements that you have already fulfilled for that section. 3 How can I improve my average? How To Calculate your Grade-Point Average in the History Major (from the Carleton Registrar’s Office):. Students must also participate in other activities like sports, lead some projects, community services to improve chances of admission. This average GPA means Carleton College is brutally selective - the most competitive applicants in the world are already applying to the school, in hopes of taking up residence in Northfield, and, somehow, you need to be better. Jul 25, 2022 · Carleton’s acceptance rate is considerably better than this national average, and is comparable to our peer institutions. 9, incoming Carleton students need to have exceptional grades and test scores. Language requirements will be prescribed by programs according to their regulations and the needs of their students. The regular admissions application deadline for Carleton is January 15. 4. 0 B+ B+ 3. 0 Athabasca University Letter Grade UManitoba Grade UManitoba GPA A+ A+ 4. Carleton College is a relatively small college when compared to most liberal arts schools, but their academic requirements are in the same range as some Ivy League colleges. Argument and Inquiry Seminars (AI) – 6 credits Admission Requirements are for the 2024-25 year only, and are based on the Ontario High School System. The course outline must be made available to all Carleton students registered in that course, on or before the required date found in the schedule for The Academic Year, normally one week prior to the start of a term. See calendar section 3. Below is an archive of registration information from academic years 2009 to the past year including class schedules, priority time information, and for some years, new class descriptions. Major Requirements. Four-year bachelor‘s degree equivalent: Bachelor’s, Licence, Karshenasi; Minimum requirement overall (B-): 14; Minimum requirement in the major (B+): 16; Doctoral Minimum Admission Requirements. Its acceptance rate is low, making it difficult to get into Carleton. The hybrid coursework occurs on campus, in small experiential learning labs and through clinical placements. For students submitting scores, the deadline for receipt of these test scores is February 1 (for Early Decision 2 applicants) and March 1 (for Regular Decision applicants). It contains the Student, Faculty, and Staff handbooks. Take all prerequisite courses for a grade; the grade must be a “C” or better. The CGPA calculation will be based on all four years of study. 0 credits below the 2000 level Nov 26, 2022 · GPA Requirements: Graduate programmes at Carleton University need a minimum grade point average of 2. Ensure you have met your degree requirements for your department/school, Faculty and the University. The degree audit report (available on Carleton Central) is a guide to be used in consultation with the Undergraduate Adviser to discuss the student's academic progress. Carleton University IB requirements Carleton University in Canada requires students to maintain a minimum IB of 30 in order to stand a good chance to get admission into Carleton University. Find out more about Carleton’s Grade Point System. Transfer of Credit Mar 12, 2025 · During your four years at Carleton, you may elect to take up to 30 credits S/CR/NC (Satisfactory/Credit/No Credit), and only up to six credits in any one term. Admission to medical school requires course work aimed at preparation for the MCAT and at fulfilling the requirements for admission to U. Learn about admission requirements, how to apply, application and document deadlines, applying for residence, keeping track of your application, what to do once you have been admitted and more! Jan 15, 2025 · Carleton University GPA Requirements. 0 grade point average (B standing in the Carleton University grading system) in a diploma program at an Ontario College are eligible to apply for admission to an undergraduate program at Carleton based on their academic merit at the college level. 74/4, assuming I calc'd it correctly). Carleton University places a high emphasis on GPA in addition to the Carleton University SAT and ACT scores. Deans’ Honour List This page is meant to recognize and celebrate the high-achieving students whose hard work and dedication to their studies over the previous academic year earned them a place on the Dean’s Honour List. Remember. SAT Grades & GPA Requirements for Health Sciences CAPSTONE COURSES The Department of Health Science will use the original letter grade to determine whether you meet the GPA requirements to register in the following courses: To review the Academic Continuation Evaluation requirements, and the minimum CGPA requirements, please visit the University calendar, section 3. STEP 3: Add up the number of credits that you’ve taken Carleton College GPA Requirements. Carleton uses a 12-point grade system to calculate cumulative grade point averages (CGPA). 5 credit course). 0 credits) Only students pursuing an undergraduate program requiring at least 20. 6 Minimum CGPA Requirements for Graduation for more information. This makes Carleton College Extremely Competitive for GPAs. Dec 11, 2024 · How hard is Carleton College to get into? Carleton College acceptance rate is 22. Let us know if you will be in a co-op work term in the upcoming semester so we can defer your scholarship to your next two full-time study terms (minimum 2. Investigate complex global and domestic issues such as international conflict and diplomacy; populism, representation and democracy; climate change governance; and the contemporary Jan 14, 2020 · This admissions data tells us that most of Carleton's admitted students fall within the top 20% nationally on the SAT. 28% for 2023-2024 admission. 0 C- C 2. When a course is repeated, the most recent grade is used. Get the information you want instantly, online and delivered to your inbox. For admission to the MA program an applicant must hold a four-year Honours BA. 50 points for . 09. 00 or A by the National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC), Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs), or Institutes of Management Technology (IMTs) may be considered for admission to a master’s program, subject to the admission Aug 14, 2023 · Cut off GPA = 3. 0 B- B 3. . The general application deadline for admission to Carleton University for the fall term (September to December) is June 15, 2025. Carleton’s Career Center offers an array of opportunities, designed to prepare students for their career or for graduate school. (Most schools use a weighted GPA out of 4. Students in a co-operative education program cannot draw upon scholarship funds during a work period. Please refer to the Canada Graduate Scholarship – Doctoral program (CGSD) and Canada Graduate Scholarship – […] Carleton architecture students benefit from the proximity of organizations situated in the National Capital Region such as the National Research Council Canada, Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation, National Capital Commission, National Arts Centre, National Gallery of Canada and the Canadian Museums of Civilization, Nature, Contemporary Admission Requirements are for the 2024-25 year only, and are based on the Ontario High School System. See also the General Admission and Procedures section of this Calendar Also listed as MPAD 4001. The Ontario Graduate Scholarship (OGS) program provides merit-based scholarships to recognize academic excellence in all disciplines of academic studies at the master’s and doctoral level. 75 for the MA in Special Education. 0 credits toward their degree with a minimum Overall CGPA of 7. Subsequent admission to the regular master's program depends on performance during the qualifying-year program and will be decided no later than one year after admission to the qualifying-year program. Of importance are superior academic achievement, as demonstrated in the applicant’s school record and other supporting academic materials; a depth of personal qualities and interests; participation in extracurricular activities; and potential for development as a student and a graduate of the College. Here’s the guide to covert letter grades or numbers to Carleton’s grade point system: Letter grade A+ A A- B+ B B- C+ C C- D+ D D- F Percent grade 90 - 100 85 89 80 84 77 79 73 76 70 72 67 69 63 66 60 62 57 59 53 56 50 52 0-49 Grade Applicant has been accepted into one of the relevant Masters-level degree programs at Carleton University (civil engineering, environmental engineering, conservation/built environment sustainability engineering, mechanical engineering, aerospace engineering, architecture, Indigenous & Canadian Studies (Heritage Conservation) or information Minor in Computer Science (4. Page 4 of 39 Canadian GPA Equivalencies Updated: April 19, 2021 Ambrose University Letter Grade UManitoba Grade UManitoba GPA A+ A+ 4. ) Find out more about Co-op’s admission and participation requirements. Carleton's acceptance rate is the lowest among 37 Minnesota colleges with competitive admission. Co-operative Education or Industrial Experience. ) Aug 11, 2023 · Because of this, it is difficult to pinpoint an exact grade on the Carleton scale to shoot for to be considered for admission to medical school in Ontario. and B. The CGPA calculation will be based on all years of study. The sections that are highlighted in red with an ‘X,’ indicates that the section is not complete. U. Obtain your transcript from the HUB. 8 on Carleton’s 12. A total of 6,464 students applied and 1,440 were admitted to the school. GPA from last two full-time semesters, and the average from the pre-requisite courses must both be 75% or higher; SAT/UNS grades not accepted; Must be an Ontario resident to apply. 50 for the MEd degree and 2. Find important information about applying to undergraduate studies at Carleton University. Four-year Bachelor’s degree with an overall cumulative grade point average of a “B” which is the equivalent of 8. The Graduate Committee considers the GPA, and makes an evaluation of the letters of reference and the statement of interest. The Term GPA is calculated on all courses attempted in the term, regardless of whether said courses can be used to satisfy the student's program requirements. In addition, Carleton College requires a minimum high school GPA of 2. We automatically assess transfer credit for all applicants who’ve studied at accredited Canadian postsecondary institutions before applying to Carleton. Professional MBA Admission Requirements. With an average GPA of 3. 7 for Out-Of-Province applicants; Click here for more information. The overall CGPA includes all courses that satisfy requirements of the student's program or would have satisfied such requirements if a passing grade had been obtained. Admission Requirements. Academic Requirements. (Special students can refer to the Special student minimum CGPA requirements. Carleton University has a minimum grade average requirement of 70%, although the average accepted grade can vary from 70% to over 85%, depending on the program. Main academic topics: Liberal Arts & Social Sciences, Computer Science, and Environmental Science. Master’s and PhD Students Transcripts Transcripts are a mandatory requirement to demonstrate eligibility and are an integral part of the material reviewed by selection committee members. Explore our master’s programs, select your interests and create your own digital viewbook here. B) requiring at least 20. 0, though some report an unweighted GPA. Mar 19, 2025 · Carleton students aren’t kidding when they say the “Libe” is their favorite place on campus. 6) in the undergraduate calendar for more information. 2 semesters of biology; 1 semester of chemistry 2 semesters of organic chemistry What are the Carleton College transfer GPA requirements? Carleton College requires a minimum college GPA of 2. Prerequisite(s): fourth-year standing in the Bachelor of Journalism or in the Bachelor of Media Production and Design, or fourth-year standing and enrollment in the Minor in News Media and Information, or fourth-year standing in the Strategic Public Opinion stream of the Communication and Policy Studies Both your Overall CGPA and your Term GPA are calculated by dividing the sum of the grade points earned by the total credit value of courses. 01-4. Degree Information Our compressed Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BScN) Honours degree is completed by students full-time over fall, winter and summer semesters. In addition, the higher your GPA, the more likely you will be chosen. 2 Academic Progression. Apr 29, 2024 · The Campus Handbook is the one place to find all official Carleton College policies and guidelines. These policies and guidelines are subject to change. ca. 0 C+ C+ 2. Master’s / graduate degree equivalent: Master’s, Karshenasi Arshad, Fogh Licence; Minimum Admission requirements are based on the Ontario High School System. Language requirements must be completed within the time limit allowed for the completion of the student's program. TIP: CGPA requirements for good academic standing, to be eligible to continue, increase the further along you get in your degree. 0 credit, but 4. 5 credit courses are worth half of the point value (i. 33 point scale. All original/earned grades (grade points of all Carleton credits/courses) for this 12-month period are included in the calculation of the annual GPA. Students that get into Carleton have an average SAT score between 1430-1550 or an average ACT score of 32-35. These are not used in the Academic Performance Evaluation but may be used to determine whether a student can continue in a particular minor, concentration or specialization. 0 In some cases the GPA will be calculated using only PSCI courses or courses closely related to PSCI. medical schools. 9. The scholarship is jointly funded by the Ministry of Colleges and Universities (‘Ministry’) and Carleton University. Master’s and PhD Students Click here to view some useful tips from NSERC about applying for funding Transcripts Transcripts are a mandatory requirement to demonstrate eligibility and are an integral part of the material reviewed by selection committee members. Notes: Step 1: Ensure You Have Met Your Degree Requirements. The general application deadline for admission to Carleton University for the fall term (September to December) is June 1, 2025. fmwo jmoy xmu euqiucm ympxaca bvwv pcdsjc nfss ragfws ldfi uqbcrj oun onyi xtnyd aiyyp